1st International Workshop on Franconian Tone Accents
Leiden, June 13-14, 2003
"The tone accents: How and Why"
Speakers | Background
| Bibliography
Programme
and information | Abstracts booklet (PDF;
107Kb)
Pictures
of the conference!
Recommending
committee
Prof.Dr.em.
Jan Goossens, Dutch Linguistics, Dialectology of Dutch and Low
German, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
Prof.Dr. Frederik Kortlandt, Comparative Linguistics,
Universiteit Leiden
Organizing
committee
Prof. Dr.
Vincent J.J.P. van Heuven, Phonetics Laboratory/Universiteit
Leiden Centre for Linguistics
Dr.
Michiel A.C. de Vaan (executive secretary), Comparative
Linguistics & Research School of Asian, African, and
Amerindian Studies (CNWS)
Dr. Jeroen M.
van de Weijer, Universiteit Leiden Centre for Linguistics
Ms. José
Birker, Universiteit
Leiden Centre for Linguistics (secretary)
List of speakers (confirmed)
J. Cajot (Brussels, Belgium): Phonologisch bedingter
Polytonieschwund. Eine tonlose Enklave südlich von Maastricht
I. Ejskjær (Copenhagen, Denmark): Glottal stop (stød/parasitic
plosive) and (distinctive) tonal accents in the Danish dialects
P. Gilles (Freiburg, Germany): The Franconian Tone Accents in
Luxemburgish
J. Goossens (Leuven, Belgium): Historische
und geographische Randbedingungen des Genker Tonakzentsystems
C. Gussenhoven (Nijmegen, Netherlands): On tonogenesis and change in
Central Franconian tonal systems
G. Heike (Cologne, Germany): Experiments in modeling Franconian
Tone Accents and some implications to speech to music conversion
B. Hermans (Tilburg, Netherlands): An interpretation of Rule A
within the limits of the visibility hypothesis
R. Keulen (Leuven, Belgium): Eine vergleichende diachronische
Untersuchung zum Tonverlust südwestlich der Stadt Maastricht
G. Kristoffersen (Bergen, Norway): Is 1 always less than 2 in
Scandinavian tonal accents?
A. Liberman (Minnesota, USA): Epenthetic consonants and the
accentuation of words in old closed vowels in Low German and Dutch
dialects
A. Peetz (Karlsruhe, Germany): Die beiden Tonakzente in der
Mundart Beuerns
H. Perridon (Amsterdam, Netherlands): Some remarks on the origin
of the Scandinavian word accents
J. Peters (Potsdam, Germany): Tone and intonation in Cologne and
Dueren
R. Derksen (Leiden, Netherlands): Metatony and the rise of the
East Baltic tones
T. Riad (Stockholm, Sweden): Distribution of tonal accent in
Scandinavian morphology
J.E. Schmidt and H. Künzel (Marburg, Germany): Die
Regelumkehrung. Phonetischer Vergleich der Tonakzente im Regel
B-Gebiet mit dem mittelfränkischen Kerngebiet
E. Ternes (Hamburg, Germany): Tone reversal in Franconian
Background
Within the Dutch-German dialect continuum, there is a sizable
Franconian (F) area where stressed vowels can be pronounced
with two distinct, phonologically relevant tone accents (TA).
In the city of Maastricht, for example, speule
with tone accent 1 means ‘to wash’, whereas speule
pronounced with tone accent 2 means ‘to play’: the word leve
with TA 1 is ‘dear’ , whereas with TA 2 it means ‘to
live’; etc. One of the earliest scholars who tried to draw this
problem into a broader linguistic perspective was Nicolaas van
Wijk, who was Professor of Balto-Slavic linguistics at Leiden
University (1913-1941).
The tone
accents have not yet been studied to a satisfactory degree in any
of their aspects. In
particular, linguistics faces the following two challenges:
1. On the
descriptive level, there is still much work to be done. Phonetic
studies of dialects in the FTA area are few, and have not usually
been carried out with modern methods. Furthermore, some areas have
attracted a lot of attention (e.g. Maastricht), whereas other
parts of the FTA area remain almost white spots on the map.
2. On the
explanatory level, different theories have been advanced as to the
historical origin of the tone accents, but no consensus has been
reached. It may be expected that an intensified description of the
individual dialects will stimulate historical studies.
To our
knowledge, no previous conferences or workshops have been devoted
specifically to FTA. There are two good reasons to have one now:
1.
The FTA area comprises parts of four different countries: Belgium,
Germany, Luxemburg and The Netherlands. This has been one of the
reasons why scholars in the past have had difficulties in
surveying the entire FTA area. It is our belief that shared
knowledge would help to solve some of the questions related to the
tone accents.
2.
In the last decade(s), a remarkable surge in the number of
publications on FTA has taken place (see the bibliography below).
Also, the problem is being viewed from different linguistic
angles: phonetics, descriptive linguistics, general linguistics,
and historical linguistics. Now seems to be the right moment to
get together and be inspired by each other’s activities.
It
is our intention to cover at least some ground of each of the
linguistic subdisciplines to which the FTA area might be
interesting. The following are the most obvious points of
interest:
*
Phonetics. From earlier publications up to the most recent
ones, the articulation and the perception of the tone accents have
attracted considerable attention. At this point, it seems
necessary to create a tighter net of dialect descriptions within
the FTA area which focus on the phonetic side of the tone accents.
A fundamental problem is posed by the precise realisation of the
tone accents in different positions in the sentence.
*
Descriptive Linguistics. One of the problems of the study
of FTA has been the different terminology (German, Dutch,
English). It seems desirable to develop a standard in order to
avoid possible confusion. On the practical level, the workshop
hopes to attract the attention of specialists on other areas with
tone accents comparable to FTA, such as Scandinavian (the two tone
accents of Swedish and Norwegian) and Balto-Slavic (the tones of
Lithuanian, Latvian, Slovene and Serbo-Croatian).
*
Historical linguistics. Within the field of Germanic
historical phonology, the explanation of FTA is one of the big
issues which are still unsolved. The solution to this question may
shed new light on the shape and character of Proto-Germanic. A
better understanding of the rise of FTA might also tell us more
about the spheres of linguistic influence in western Continental
West-Germanic in the Middle Ages.
Bibliography
We
here offer a small, eclectic bibliography of mainly recent
publications on FTA, so as to
offer some concrete examples:
1. Gooskens, C. en T. Rietveld 1995: Een akoestisch-perceptief onderzoek
naar de Maastrichtse tonen, Gramma/TTT 4, 17-33.
2. Goossens, J. 1997: review of Mittelrheinischer Sprachatlas,
Volume 1 and 2, Leuvense Bijdragen 86, 168-175.
3. Goossens, J. 1998: Schärfung und Diphthongierung von î, ü,
û. Moselfränkisch-limburgische Parallelen, Deutsche Sprache
in Raum und Zeit. Festschrift für Peter Wiesinger zum 60.
Geburtstag, edd. P.
Ernst and F. Patocka, Vienna, 63-70.
4. Gussenhoven, C. 2000: On the origin and development of
the Central Franconian tone contrast, Analogy, Levelling,
Markedness. Principles of change in phonology and morphology.
Berlin/New York (Trends in Linguistics 127), p. 215-260.
5. Gussenhoven, C. 2001: The lexical tone contrast in Roermond
Dutch in Optimality Theory. Intonation: Theory and Experiment,
ed. M. Horne,
Dordrecht.
6. Gussenhoven, C. and P. van der Vliet 1999: The phonology
of tone and intonation in the Dutch dialect of Venlo, Journal
of Linguistics 35, 99-135.
7. Heijmans, L. 1999, Lexical tone in the Dutch dialect of Weert?,
Proceedings of the International Congress of Phonetic Sciences
(1999 San Francisco), 2383-2386.
8. Heike, G. 1988: Zur wortunterscheidenden Funktion der rheinischen Schärfung,
Deutscher Wortschatz. Lexikologische Studien. Ludwig Erich
Schmitt zum 80. Geburtstag von seinen Marburger Schülern,
Berlin/New York, 677-686.
9.
Hermans, B. and M. van Oostendorp, Voice-tone interaction in a
Limburg dialect, Linguistics in the Netherlands 2000, edd. H.
de Hoop and T. van der Wouden, 81-91.
10. Jongen, R. 1972: Rheinische Akzentuierung und sonstige prosodische
Erscheinungen. Eine Beschreibung der suprasegmentalen
Zeichenformdiakrise in der Moresneter Mundart, Bonn.
11. Kortlandt, F. 1988: Vestjysk stød, Icelandic
preaspiration, and Proto-Indo-European glottalic stops, Languages
and cultures. Studies in honor of Edgar C. Polomé, ed. M.A.
Jazayery and W. Winter, Berlin etc., 353-357.
12. Kortlandt, F. 1996:
The High German consonant shift, Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren
Germanistik 46, 53-57.
12. Liberman, A. 1999: Schärfung/stoottoon and Trägheitsakzent/sleeptoon
in the Rhein-Limbourg area and their Scandinavian analogues, Language
change and typological variation: In honor of Winfred P. Lehmann
on the occasion of his 83rd birthday, edd. Edgar C.
Polomé and Carol F. Justus (= JIES Monograph 30), Washington
D.C., 275-298.
13. Liberman, A. 2000: Pseudolaryngeals (glottal stops) and the
twilight of distinctive voice in Germanic, Proceedings of the
eleventh Annual UCLA Indo-European Conference, edd. K.
Jones-Bley, M.E. Huld, A. Della Volpe, Washington D.C. (= JIES
Monograph 35), 311-353.
14. Riad, T. 1998: The origin of Scandinavian tone accents, Diachronica
15.1, 63-98.
15. Schmidt, J.E. 1986: Die mittelfränkischen Tonakzente, Stuttgart.
16. Schmidt, J.E., 2001: Die sprachhistorische Genese der mittelfränkischen
Tonakzente, Silbenschnitt und Tonakzente. Tübingen, edd.
P. Auer, P. Gilles, H. Spiekermann.
17. de Vaan, M. 1999: Towards an explanation of the
Franconian tone accents, Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren
Germanistik 51, 23-44.
18. Verhoeven, J. 1992: Fonetische kenmerken van sleep- en stoottoon in het
dialect van Weert, Taal en Tongval 44, 140-155.
19. van Wijk, N. 1935: De klinkerrekking en de stoottoon vóór
stemhebbende medeklinkers in het Limburgs en in andere dialekten
en talen, Nieuwe Taalgids 29, 405-411.
20. van Wijk, N. 1936: Rekking en stoottoon in het Limburgsch, Onze
Taaltuin 5, 179-183.
21. van Wijk, N. 1939: De Rijns-Limburgse polytonie, vergeleken
met de Kasjoebse, Onze Taaltuin 8, 146-152.
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